Significance of Diwali

Diwali is a time for great enjoyment, fun and frolic. Everything is lit up very brightly as young and old, rich and poor alike dress up in new clothes and indulges in sweetmeats. It truly a festival of lights as oil lamps and diyas are left burning all night to guide the Goddess Lakshmi when she visits homes. The celebrations of this joyous festival signify the removal of all darkness, jealousy, greed, envy and other negative emotions from the face of this earth. In its place shines the light of wisdom and knowledge. This is also the reason why so many lamps and diyas are left burning on Diwali night.

It signifies the triumph of virtue over vice, of good over evil, of light over darkness and of knowledge over ignorance. Lighting lamps, candles or diyas and the bursting of crackers during Diwali is also geared towards this destruction of all-evil. The festival marks the victory of good over evil. The Sanskrit word Deepavali means array of lights that stands for victory of brightness over darkness. As the knowledge of Sanskrit diminished, the name was popularly modified to Diwali, especially in northern India.

Regional Significance Of Diwali

In Bengal, Goddess Kali or Durga, the goddess of strength, is worshipped. This reverence is called "Kali Chaturdashi". Strength is a positive attribute for one to have but it must be used to protect others from harm and used only in good and pure deeds. Also during Diwali, the goddess of wealth, Lord Lakshmi is worshipped. This practice is called "Dhanteras". It is believed that he or she who worships Lord Lakshmi during Diwali is bestowed wealth and prosperity.

The day of Dipavali has special significance for the business community as they consider this day to be the perfect time to begin their new financial year. Some people also indulge in gambling on the day of Diwali because it is a believed that wife of Lord Shiva, Goddess Parvati played dice with Him on this day and therefore those, who gamble on this auspicious day, are blessed with prosperity.

Historically, the origin of Diwali can be traced back to ancient India, when it was probably an important harvest festival. However, there are various legends pointing to the origin of Diwali. Some believe it to be the celebration of the marriage of Lakshmi with Lord Vishnu. Diwali also commemorates the return of Lord Rama along with Sita and Lakshman from his fourteen yearlong exile and vanquishing the demon-king Ravana. In joyous celebration of the return of their king, the people of Ayodhya, the Capital of Rama, illuminated the kingdom with earthen diyas (oil lamps) and burst crackers.

In fact so diverse are the rituals and traditions of Diwali in different parts of the country that it is impossible to pin down just one way of celebrating this wonderful festival.

Diwali Customs and Traditions

Not only Diwali is the most significant Hindu festival, but it is also the most enchanting. Right from the mythological tales about the origin of the festival to the quaint tradition followed to this day, the festival has all the elements that make it an enthralling experience. The most beautiful part about the festival is that despite being a predominantly Hindu festival, it captures the secular nature of India perfectly. Everyone is encouraged to take part in the festivities, be they Muslims, Christians or Jews. And it is common to see people from different religions enjoying themselves along with their Hindu counterparts.

Truly, there is great unity in diversity. India is a large country and the people are as different from one another as water and fire and yet Diwali is celebrated by one and all. One of the most common aspects of the festival is the tradition of lighting Diyas (oil-lamps). It is believed that people of Ayodhya illuminated the entire town with diyas upon the return of Lord Rama from 14 years in exile. That tradition is carried on till today and people light hundreds of Diyas to decorate their homes. That is also how Diwali got its name as the Sanskrit word ‘Deepawali’ means rows of lights. It is believed that since it is a no-moon night, the light from the diyas helps Goddess Lakshmi to find her way to people’s houses. Therefore it is tradition to leave the diyas burning all night.

Another tradition, particularly in North India is the making of Rangolis, paintings from powdered color on the floor. These Rangolis have long been a part of Indian culture and there are many stories about their origin. People make these Rangolis to decorate their houses and to welcome guests into their homes. Over the past few years, as the Indian economy has strengthened and the advent of globalization have given rise to a new tradition, the exchange of gifts. It is now very common to see people exchanging gifts and sweets with each other on Diwali. This festival of lights is a testament to the fervent religious nature of the people at the heart of India. It is primarily a religious festival in nature, and is yet open to followers of all religions.

It is a time bound custom to perform a ritual Pooja on this day for Goddess Lakshmi, goddess of wealth and prosperity. People invoke her blessing for a prosperous New Year. The most believed of all the Gods in the Hindu pantheon, the elephant headed Ganesha who is believed to be the remover of all obstacles is worshipped as well. In Bengal, Goddess Kali, the destructive avatar of Durga is worshipped.

Dhanteras Special Gifts

Over the last couple of years Dhanteras gifts have created a niche for themselves in the Diwali markets. Earlier, the focus was on buying only Diwali gifts, however there’s a considerable increase in Dhanteras gifts sales, particularly amongst the affluent. The reasons are many, starting out of course with the strengthening economy of India to the superstitions of the mercantile community. The festival Dhanteras marks the official start of the Diwali festivities and is a significant festival amongst the traders, merchants and the mercantile community at large. ‘Dhan’ means wealth, and people celebrate this festival by performing a ritual Puja thanking the gods for bestowing them with so much wealth and prosperity and seeking blessings for the future as well. It is considered extremely auspicious to buy Gold, silver or utensils on this day, as it is believed to be fortuitous to introduce new ‘Dhan’ to the house.

Gold and silver gifts are the most common Dhanteras gifts for obvious reasons. Jewelers all over the country report increased sales, as people get busy buying gold and silver for themselves and others. However, fact remains that not everybody can buy gold, so the nest best option is to buy home décor items like cushion covers, racks and holders etc, and utensils too are a great option. Make this Dhanteras a special one by choosing from one of the many Dhanteras gifts with DiwaliStore.com.

Exclusive Dhanteras Gifts

Dhanteras marks the official start of Diwali festivities in India. It is a significant festival for those belonging to the mercantile community. ‘Dhan’ means wealth and therefore people worship Lord Yama on this day to protect their wealth and pray to Lord Lakshmi to bless them with more of it. These days it is common practice to exchange gifts on Dhanteras, with the onus being on gifts of gold, silver or household appliances and accessories. Take a look of exclusive Dhanteras gifts only at DiwaliStore.com. Framed Ganesha- Siddhipriya.

The beautiful porcelain image of Ganesha framed in a blue pottery panel is apt to hang on the wall of home or office. Bejeweled Ganesha seated on a bull is intricately carved. His trunk reaches for his favorite sweet, a modak in his left lower hand. The panel in blue pottery from Jaipur stands out for its blue and white floral motifs and imperviousness. This ceramic panel is enclosed with a wooden frame to hold the unit intact. Bless your love one’s this Dhanteras by giving them this most auspicious gift.

Dhanteras Silver Coin

The exquisite 10 grams silver medallion with the image of seated Lakshmi and Ganesha is a 99.9% pure silver coin. The coin is embedded in a diary shaped hard glossy paper that carries a printed Ganesha Stuti. Besides this a red colored elegant case with an image of Ganesha is provided to protect the coin from any damage. This is the perfect gift for Dhanteras because it is considered auspicious to gift silver on this special day. Hindus who use them to perform their ritual prayers consider silver coins sacred.

Gold Plated Ganesha Idol

The exquisite lightweight brass Ganesha shown in seated posture is entitled to place in the Puja room, living room or as a lucky charm on the office table. Ganesha is the vanquisher of obstacles. Worshipping Ganesha during Dhanteras brings Siddhi (success and prosperity) and Buddhi (wisdom).

Thali & Silver Utensils

The marble Thali border is beautifully decorated with Rajasthani work in 24-carat gold. The Thali is accompanied with silver images of Goddess Lakshmi and Lord Ganesha and accessories. There is a prayer bell, a lota, a holder for incense sticks, two katoris and a diya, all made of silver, to complete your set of prayer items. Silver is considered and auspicious metal to gift on Dhanteras and many people also buy utensils, as it is believed that a new utensil should be bought home on this day. Hence, this gift is perfect for Dhanteras.

Diwali in Karnataka

Diwali is the most significant festival in India and is celebrated with much pomp and pageantry all over the country. Still the gist of the festival remains the same, and it is wonderful to see such unity in diversity. Karnataka has the distinction of being one of the largest states in India and as such is a melting pot of cultures, and come Diwali this pot seems to bubble with the best of all cultures.

Legends of Diwali in Karnataka

The legend followed in Karnataka is that of an emperor named Bali who had become all-powerful and a threat to the peace of the universe. Lord Vishnu, upon witnessing such impetuousness was most disturbed and descended from the heavens to Earth in the guise of a poor Brahmin (the Vamana Avatar). He appeared before the mighty and impulsive Emperor Bali and asked for as much land as three of my footsteps would cover.

Bali, while amused at this strange request, agreed to give the Brahmin what he asked for as it was considered most inauspicious to refuse a Brahmins appeal for Charity. And Bali did not want to face the wrath of the Gods for disobeying such a trifle request. It was then that the diminutive Brahmin resumed his all-pervasive, omnipresent form and covered the heavens with one foot and the world below with another.

He asked the mighty Bali where he should place his foot for the third step. Bali bowed before him and offered his own head for him to place his foot on. In this way Lord Vishnu was able to humble a mighty emperor and make him realize his follies. To this day, this divine intervention on the part of Vishnu is celebrated with much aplomb in Karnataka. This victory is observed on the day of the new moon (Amavasya) when the month of Ashwin (October-November) makes way for the month of Kartik.

Diwali Celebrations in Karnataka

The lighting of innumerable diyas (oil lamps) in every courtyard and the bursting of crackers mark the celebration of Diwali. Sweetmeats, new clothes and spirit are there as in other festivals. The time for rejoicing is mainly early morning and late night. These hours of darkness bordering the waking hours are preferred as lights and crackers are the highlights of the festivities and these need darkness to have their illuminating effect. Hence people rise early and sleep late.

In cities like Bangalore, which are more cosmopolitan in Nature, it is an excellent time for the overall economy as people shop a lot more during the festive season and dining out also takes precedence. Many people use the holiday to catch up on the movies while others still go the traditional way and spend time with the family on this auspicious start to the Hindu New Year.

Diwali in Kerala

Due to the fact that it has a dominant Catholic population, Kerala is the only state in India where Diwali is not a major festival. Traditionally, Diwali celebrations in Kerala are pretty much a low-key affair as there isn’t too much Business or merchant families living here. In fact the natives of Kerala rarely celebrate Diwali.

However, there are places in Kerala which are dominated by prominent Tamil, Gujarati or North Indian communities. In such areas, Diwali is celebrated with much pomp and pageantry, not to mention nostalgia. People of these communities organize grand feasts and put up a colorful display for the benefit of their Kerala neighbors. Many visit temples and then get together with friends and relatives to enjoy the fireworks on Diwali day.

However, it is not to say that people of Kerala are not interested in Diwali at all. As India grows economically strong, people of all races are learning to integrate each other’s customs, and it is common to see Diwali being celebrated with immense joyousness in many town and cities of Kerala.

Diwali in Madhya Pradesh

Madhya Pradesh, once the largest state in India, is one of the most culturally alive states in India today. With a long history of royalty and active participation in the Indian Freedom struggle, the state celebrates most Indian festivals with enthusiasm. However, Diwali remains the most significant festival here, and is eagerly awaited by young and old alike. The state has its own unique way of celebrating this festival of lights. A visit to this land, in the very heart of India gives unexpected and delightful experiences. Madhya Pradesh has had a glorious past with various empires ruling the state. The people of Madhya Pradesh are simple and fun loving and without any inhibitions. Various tribes inhabit the interiors of the vast state.

Diwali Celebrations in Madhya Pradesh

During the Diwali Festival, its almost as if all of Madhya Pradesh has been illuminated with bright, radiant lights. The streets are decorated in a colorful manner and people prepare their favorite dishes along with the usual variety of Mithais. On the night of Dhanteras, the shops remain open throughout the night. In particular demand are the Balushais, khasta or crumbly doughnuts.

On Diwali day, houses all over Madhya Pradesh glow with the twinkle of innumerable diyas, candles and electric lights. The night is illuminated with the flaming lights of fireworks, creating kaleidoscopic designs against the black canvas of the sky. For the Hindu business communities, Diwali Festival marks the beginning of the New Year. During Diwali, many folk dances are performed in this region. The Baiga and Gond tribes perform their traditional dances to celebrate the Diwali Festival.

Diwali in Tamil Nadu

As there is a lot of cultural diversity in India, Diwali is celebrated in a decidedly different way in different parts of the country. Tamil Nadu too has its own unique way of celebrating Diwali, and it is most charming while at the same time remaining true to the national sentiment of Diwali. That is the beauty of India, while the festival remains the same in some aspects; it is completely different in others. In Tamil Nadu, Diwali is celebrated in the month of Aipasi (thula month) 'Narak Chaturdashi' thithi, preceding amavasai. The Diwali preparations begin in full force the day before when the oven (chula) is thoroughly cleaned, smeared with lime and decorated with four or five dots of red kumkum paste. It is then filled with water for the next day’s oil bath as per the custom followed in much of the country. The house is washed and colorful Diwali Rangolis are made at the entrance to welcome the Goddess Lakshmi. In the Puja room, betel leaves, betel nuts, plaintain fruits, flowers, sandal paste, kumkum, gingelly oil, turmeric powder, and scented powder are kept ready for the Puja. Crackers and new dresses are placed in a plate after smearing a little kumkum or sandal paste.

Diwali Traditions in Tamil Nadu

The Diwali day begins with everyone in the family taking an oil bath before sunrise, a custom arising from a belief that having an oil bath in the morning on the day of Diwali is equivalent to taking bath in the Ganges. Before the bath, elders in the house apply gingelly oil on the heads of the younger members. For those hailing from Tanjore, the custom is to first take a small quantity of deepavali lehiyam (medicinal, ayurvedic paste) after the oil bath and then breakfast. Often sweets are eaten after wearing new clothes. In almost all houses, items like ukkarai, velli appam, idly, chutney, sambhar, omapudi, boondhi are prepared. For lunch, jangri, pathir peni, or one variety of the poli are made.

Diwali celebrations in Tamil Nadu

Crackers are usually burst only after the bath. Meanwhile, kuthu vilakus (oil lamp) are lit in the Pooja room. Mats or wooden planks are placed facing east. After naivedhya (offering to the Gods) of the items, a plaintain fruit is given to each member of the family followed by betel leaves and betel nuts. Those who have to perform 'pithru tharpanam' will have a second bath perform the tharpanam and don't eat rice at night.

Though, Tamil Nadu celebrates Diwali in a decidedly distinct manner, many familiarities are observed, like the sweets, crackers, new clothes and the joyous spirit of this wonderful Festival of lights.

Diwali in West Bengal

West Bengal is one of the most populated states in the Indian subcontinent. The city of Kolkta is almost bursting at the seams, yet this gentle city house millions of people from all castes, faith and creed. Diwali is a major festival in this state as it coincides with the Kali Puja celebrated along the same line. Bengalis are also reputed to be the best sweet makers in the country, so one thing you are sure to find here are the best possible sweetmeats.

Diwali Traditions In West Bengal

In West Bengal, the Diwali traditions undergo some change as compared to what is followed in the rest of the country. Lakshmi Pooja is celebrated five days after Dussehra on the full moon day (Purnima). The following day, on the new moon day (Amavasya), which incidentally coincides with Diwali, Goddess Kali is worshipped. Kali is revered by Bengalis and is their chief Goddess. Needless to say Kali Puja is one of the most important days on their calendar.

Kali is the more aggressive form or the destructive incarnation of Goddess Durga, and she has a terrifying look. She is known to destroy all evil and is a fierce fighter for the cause of justice. On Kali Puja, lamps are lit in her honor and she in turn promises a renewal of life and justice for all mankind on earth. In West Bengal, it is not Lakshmi Pooja but Kali Puja which makes the festival unique. Kali is generally a goddess to be feared rather than venerated, and therefore people leave no stone unturned in carrying out a special Pooja for her.

Diwali Celebrations In West Bengal

Like everywhere else in the country, Diwali is a time for great feasting and rejoicing and it is no different here in West Bengal. Bengalis have a reputation for decorating their houses and no one can argue with it when Diwali nears. They light up their houses with the most ornate of diyas using hundreds of them at a time. Bengalis are also immensely fond of Diwali Rangolis. Two or even four plantain leaves decorate the entry to the house or property, with a row of diyas at the doorstep. The entire family gathers around for Lakshmi Puja in the evening.

The Diwali festival goes on for three days but on Amavasya, the final day for celebrations and the day to worship Goddess Kali, the lights and gaiety are considerably reduced. The first two festival days are important, with feasting, drinking, gambling, family gatherings, lights and fire crackers occupying time from dusk to dawn. In West Bengal, the pious festive air and not the material goods, mainly marks the occasion. No new clothes, no new utensils, no new gold. In fact nothing new at all on Diwali day, as all the shops are shut tight except those selling sweets and firecrackers. Gifts are limited to sweets and dry fruits.

Diwali in Gujrat

Gujarat is the stronghold of Indian business. It has long been associated with traders and merchants. Due to the above fact, Diwali in Gujarat is mainly associated with the worship of the venerable Goddess Lakshmi, Goddess of wealth and prosperity. The fact that this holiest of holy days takes place on the darkest night of the year is meant to indicate the victory of light over darkness and that is the reason why people illuminate the night sky with a dazzling display of fireworks. Lakshmi Pooja in Gujarat lasts for five days, which starts with Dhanteras. The fourth day, or the day of Govardhan Puja is Gujrati's New Year's Day. Lakshmi is believed to visit the homes that are well lit. So, families decorate their houses with light, flowers and paper chains.

Origin Of Diwali

The ancient story of how Diwali evolved into such a widely celebrated festival is different in various regions and states of India. In Gujarat particularly, Diwali is the day when King Rama's coronation was celebrated in Ayodhya after his epic war with Ravana, the demon king of Lanka. By order of the royal families of Ayodhya and Mithila, the kingdom of which Sita was princess, the cities and far-flung boundaries of these kingdoms were lit up with rows of lamps, glittering on dark nights to welcome home the divine king Rama and his queen Sita after 14 years of exile, ending with an across-the-seas war in which the whole of the kingdom of Lanka was destroyed.

Diwali Celebrations In Gujarat

The real zest for the Diwali festival can be witnessed in the Diwali markets in Gujarat, which come to life almost a month before the festival is to commence. Shoppers make a beeline for the stores selling jewelry, clothes, sweets and Diwali gifts. Shopping becomes almost like a family affair with the whole family dividing up the tasks amongst themselves. It is a pure joy to shop in these colorful Diwali markets.

Diwali celebrations in Gujarat commence the night before Diwali. The Gujaratis create designs, usually depicting nature or the Gods, from natural color powders. These are called Diwali Rangolis (link) and are generally found at the entrance of the house or in the courtyard. These motifs are designed in order to welcome Goddess Lakshmi to their homes and are a source of pride for the creators who often compete amongst themselves to see who has the best Rangolis in their house. Small footprints made with rice flour and vermilion powder are also drawn all over the house.

The Diwali day attire usually consists of the Jhabba (kurta) and dhotis for the men, while the women dress in Saris. However in the urban cities of Gujarat, most people do not wear the traditional attire instead choosing to opt for western clothes or the fancier Indian variety. It is considered auspicious to visit the temple on this day. The day is spent preparing food and sweets. Shops are open, but business comes to a halt on Dhanteras, two days before Diwali, and doesn't resume until Labh Pancham, the fifth day of the New Year. For traders and businessmen, this is the time for a vacation. Diwali evening is celebrated by lighting up streets and markets, and bursting crackers.

Diwali in Uttar Pradesh

Uttar Pradesh is one of the most populated states in India; however it has a long history of great culture and education behind it. It was the true cradle of the Indus valley civilization. Uttar Pradesh was also home to the great Nalanda University which attracted scholars from all over the world. Two of the greatest Indian rivers flow through this state, not to mention the mythological Saraswati. Diwali is the most important festival in this predominantly Hindu state and is celebrated with great vigor and gaiety.

Diwali Traditions in Uttar Pradesh

The state wears a vibrant color throughout the Diwali festival, and almost seems to come alive with enthusiasm. The Kartik purnima festival celebrated in Varanasi is a true visual delight. Varanasi has long been hailed as the land of festivals and the fact that it is thronged with Hindu sages gives the city a surreal atmosphere. Religious ceremonies take on a lofty importance in this state that reveres its Gods. The full moon night after Diwali falling in November - December is the sacred day for all the people. The ghats of Varanasi come alive with thousands of brightly lit earthen lamps. The lamps then are gently left on the River. Visitors throng in large numbers to watch this spectacular event.

Diwali Celebrations in Uttar Pradesh

Diwali is celebrated in memory of Lord Rama's victory over the demon king Ravana and his subsequent homecoming to Ayodhya after 14 years in exile. Ramlila performance depicting these events can be found all over Uttar Pradesh. Traditionally Brahmin boys who are trained by the liladhari, the leader of the troupe, play the characters of Rama, Sita, Lakshmana, Shatrughan and Bharat. The Ramlilas are zestfully celebrated with song, dance, and merriment; others with solemnity, fervor, fast, or feast. These fairs and festivals help the people keep the culture vibrant and promote artistic activities. Diwali is truly the most special festival for the people of Uttar Pradesh.

Diwali in Maharashtra

Diwali is the most important festival in India and is celebrated all over the country with much aplomb. However, the beauty lies in the fact that India is so diverse in its culture that the every same festival is celebrated uniquely in different regions. Diwali celebrations in Maharshtra is decidedly different from what is seen in other parts of the country and yet so very familiar at the same time. In a traditional Maharashtrian household, Diwali celebrations commence with 'Vasu-baras' that comes on tithi 'Ashwin krushna dwadashi'. Vasu-Baras is a celebration in honor of the Holy cow which is revered by Hindus all over the country and is considered a mother figure of sorts. Married women worship and perform a puja of a cow who is expecting a calf. This symbolizes the gratitude of the women towards the cow for providing for their children.

Narak Chaturdashi

While Dhanteras is celebrated in Maharshtra much like it is elsewhere in the country; the celebrations for Choti Diwali do differ considerably. Chhoti Diwali is popularly known as Narak-Chaturdashi in Maharashtra. On this day people celebrate Lord Krishna’s victory over the evil demon king, Narakasur. They wake up early in the morning and massage their bodies with scented oil. And as a custom they use 'utane' or 'utanah' for bath instead of soap. This special bath is referred to as 'abhyang-snan'. It may be noted that 'Utane' is not the same as uptan. Utane is made of several things having ayurvedic properties like 'chandan' (sandalwood), 'kapoor' (camphor), manjistha, rose, orange skin and haldi (turmeric).

Lakshmi Puja

Lakshmi-pujan is celebrated on the Diwali evening. It is believed that the Goddess Lakshmi, the Goddess of wealth and prosperity visits every house that evening. So prayers are held in order to invoke her blessings for a prosperous New Year. A variety of mouth-watering delicacies such as chivda, chakali, shankar-pale, anarse, kadaboli, karanji, shev, chirote etc are prepared to mark the festival. Throughout Diwali, Marathi people hang 'Akash-kandil' / 'Akash-dive' and light up 'panti's outside their houses. Tradition of marking the entrance to a house with colorful 'Rangoli's is also followed in Maharashtra as in rest of India.

Diwali Cha Padva

Many people also celebrate the third day of Diwali as ‘Diwalicha Padva’. This is a celebration of togetherness as a husband and wife and the love shared by them. To mark the occasion the wife performs an 'aukshan' (aarti) of her husband and the husband in turn presents a special gift to his wife.

Tulsi-Vivah

In Maharashtra, end of Diwali celebrations marks the beginning of Tulsi-Vivah. Under this people organize marriage of sacred tulsi (a basil plant) in their house. In Maharashtra the tradition is that people start organizing the marriage ceremonies of their sons/daughters only once Tulsi-vivah starts. Celebration of Diwali in Maharashtra ends with Dev-Diwali.

Diwali in Himachal Pradesh

Himachal Pradesh is one of the most beautiful states in India. Simla is renowned all over the world for its amiable charm, friendly people and excellent weather. In Himachal Pradesh, Diwali is celebrated with great dynamism and enthusiasm. The mud walls of the houses are cleaned and painted over with white clay and cow-dung. In the courtyards a red or black square is painted with colored clay. This is decorated with pictures of animals and birds. The walls are decorated with flower garlands. People believe that Lakshmi who is the goddess of wealth visit all the houses this day and settles down in the house which is clean and pretty.

People from the hills have a reputation of being superstitious and this can be observed during Diwali as well as they carry out all the rituals religiously. Different sectors have their own unique way of celebrating Diwali. Many people recall the tale of the brave Lord Rama who defeated the evil demon King Ravana and saved the world from a lot of grief because of that valiant act. Mothers recount this tale to their children as Diwali draws near. Diwali is celebrated in the memory of Lord Rama who came back to Ayodhya after 14 years of exile.

Diwali in Himachal Pradesh

Himachal Pradesh is one of the most beautiful states in India. Simla is renowned all over the world for its amiable charm, friendly people and excellent weather. In Himachal Pradesh, Diwali is celebrated with great dynamism and enthusiasm. The mud walls of the houses are cleaned and painted over with white clay and cow-dung. In the courtyards a red or black square is painted with colored clay. This is decorated with pictures of animals and birds. The walls are decorated with flower garlands. People believe that Lakshmi who is the goddess of wealth visit all the houses this day and settles down in the house which is clean and pretty.

People from the hills have a reputation of being superstitious and this can be observed during Diwali as well as they carry out all the rituals religiously. Different sectors have their own unique way of celebrating Diwali. Many people recall the tale of the brave Lord Rama who defeated the evil demon King Ravana and saved the world from a lot of grief because of that valiant act. Mothers recount this tale to their children as Diwali draws near. Diwali is celebrated in the memory of Lord Rama who came back to Ayodhya after 14 years of exile.

Diwali Rituals in Himachal Pradesh
As the sun sets; clay lamps are lit and placed on a plank outside the house in memory of the dearly departed ancestors. It is to reaffirm the bond of these people who share their joys in life as well as in death. It is considered auspicious to visit the cremation site of the family members who are no more. Thereafter, Mithai is distributed to one and all as the children seek the blessings of their elderly in true Indian style by touching their feet.

There is a unique ritual in Himachal Pradesh to sacrifice a goat on Diwali day. Another unique custom is that the paint little vessels (Auloo) with clay and decorate it with drawings in red paint. They pray to these and exchange these with their best friends. It is believed that exchanging these pots not only strengthens their relationship but also ensures a prosperous year ahead. Many women preserve these auloos for years and years as they are considered most auspicious.

On the day of Diwali, soaked rice is powdered and designs are made out of it. At nighttime, the young girls worship this design with grass and camphor. At some places, a figure of Lakshmi made with sandalwood is placed in a copper plate and a mandav of sugarcane is made over it. Goddess Lakshmi is specially worshiped on this day. Himachal Pradesh is decidedly distinct in the way it celebrates this festival of lights. It is believed that the people from the hills have merged their pagan beliefs to the regular celebrations and the result is a different experience of the festival than anywhere else in the country.

Deepavali in Rajasthan

Rajasthan has always been associated with color and a idiomatic charm that cannot be found anywhere else in the world. However, it is also the land of festivals where every festival is celebrated with vigor and enthusiasm. Since the living conditions in this desert state are rather difficult, people look for an excuse to escape from the chore of their day to day lives, and what better way to do that than celebrating festivals. Needless to say, Diwali is on of the most popular festivals in this beautiful state. It is a celebration of light, both literally and metaphorically.

Diwali Celebrations in Rajasthan

The origin of this festival can be traced back to the ancient Hindu epic Ramayana, when Lord Ram returned to his kingdom Ayodhya after 14 years of exile. He had successfully defeated the evil demon king Ravana, thereby strengthening the force of good over evil. The whole kingdom was lit up with diyas (earthen lamps) to celebrate his return. Even today, on Diwali day, house all over Rajasthan glow with twinkle of innumerable diyas, candles and electric lights. The night is illuminated with the flaming lights of fireworks, creating kaleidoscopic designs against the black canvas of the sky. Also idols of Lord Rama can be found in all homes.

Diwali festival gives people a chance to decorate their homes, buy new clothes, visit relatives and friends and take time off from their daily routine to gather together and enjoy the festivities. Rajasthan is also renowned all over the world for its gastronomical delights, and this is apparent during the Diwali season. Women of the neighborhood gather and prepare sweets like Mawa Kachori, Til Ke Laddo, Gonth ke Laddu, Piste ke Launj, Moti Pak, Pheeni, Sohan Papdi, Besan Barfi, Jalebi, Shakarpara- to name just a few. If not for anything else, one ought to visit Rajasthan during Diwali just to taste all that wonderful food.

The rituals performed are almost the same as in the rest of the country. The Lakshmi Pooja is performed in the evening before the festivities begin. People invoke the Goddess's blessings for a prosperous year ahead. Thereafter a diya is left burning on the altar for the rest of the night to guide the Goddess when she visits. Then of course, it's time to light up the sky with the brightest firecrackers and indulge in a lot of laughter with friends and family. It is at times like these that the natives forget their problems and their tough life for a couple of hours.

The celebrations in the 'Pink City' Jaipur, capital of Rajasthan, are truly unique as the whole city is decorated like a very expensive movie set. The city sparkles almost like a dream and nothing is more reminiscent of the great Mughal era than Diwali in Jaipur. The city seems to come alive during the festival and truly gives a new meaning to celebration.

Deepavali in Orrisa

Kali Puja is the main event on Diwali. The Pooja is performed at midnight and pushpanjali (flowers) is offered around two o' clock in the morning. Some people observe a fast on this occasion and partake food only after the Puja is over. Many sweets are made on Diwali, but kheer is a must.

Diwali celebrations in Orissa are much like they are elsewhere in the country. All the houses are beautifully decorated with rows and rows of oil lamps and ornate diyas. Children burst crackers and enjoy the fireworks thoroughly. People also find the time to visit their friends and relatives but celebrate the main Pooja in their own houses so that the Goddess Lakshmi might be pleased and visit their house.

Diwali Traditions in Orissa

The on unique ritual that makes Diwali in Orissa different from what it is in other parts of the country is the practice of calling upon the spirits of one's ancestors. Tall bamboo poles are erected in front of the houses. An earthen pot with small windows, called handi, is tied to this pole with the help of a rope. An earthen lamp is placed inside this and the pot is placed on the top of the pole by pulling the rope. Jute stems are burnt to light up the dark path that the spirits of the ancestors take back to heaven.

In the evening, the members of the household gather together just after dusk. A Rangoli of a sailboat is made on the ground. The boat has seven chambers. Over the drawing of each different chamber several items are kept - cotton, mustard, salt, asparagus root, turmeric and a wild creeper. Over the central chamber are the offerings meant for prasad. Perched over the prasad is a jute stem with a cloth wick tied around the edge. It is lit at the beginning of the Puja. All members of the family hold a bundle of jute stems in their hands. Beside the Rangoli, a mortar and pestle and a plough are also kept and worshiped.

In the olden days, animal sacrifice was performed in front of the goddess. Today, a gourd is cut to symbolically represent the animal sacrifice. After the Puja and offerings, the family celebrates Diwali festival by bursting crackers. When crackers were still a monopoly of the urban areas, folks in the rural areas lit jute sticks called kaunwaria which would burn for hours. Nowadays, crackers being available in every nook and corner, kaunwarias are lit only symbolically. In Orissa too, Diwali remains the festival of lights and sweets. Earthen lamps are lit everywhere and sweets are offered to friends and relatives.

Diwali in Punjab

The story of how Diwali evolved into such a widely celebrated festival differs from region to region. In Punjab, Diwali is the day when King Rama returned to Ayodhya after defeating the demon king Ravana to ensure that light emerges victorious over darkness. Upon his homecoming, people welcomed him with an amazing display of firecrackers and by order of the royal families of Ayodhya and Mithila, the kingdom of which Sita was princess, the cities and far- flung boundaries of these kingdoms were lit up with rows of lamps, glittering on dark nights to welcome home the divine king Rama and his queen Sita after 14 years of exile, ending with an across-the-seas war in which the whole of the kingdom of Lanka was destroyed.

Diwali Traditions in Punjab
Diwali is also the anniversary of Guru Hargobindji being released from the prison at Gwalior Fort in 1619 AD. On this day the entire Golden Temple is illuminated with traditional lamps of different colors. The reflection of the temple in the shimmering water of the holy pool is truly mesmerizing, something that you want to hold onto forever in your memory. Fire works display by the traditional professionals recreates the glory of the past.

In villages cattle are adorned and worshiped by farmers as they are the main source of income for the peasants. Since Diwali marks the official start of winter, it is a happy time for the peasants as they get to sow their winter crops and pray to Goddess Lakshmi to give them a good harvest. The day after Diwali is celebrated as Tikka Day. On this day, sisters make an auspicious mark called Tika on their brother’s forehead and pray to the lord to protect him from all harm.

In the Golden Temple of Amritsar, Diwali is celebrated with great éclat. Earthen lamps are lit all round the holy tank and their undulating reflections in the water look extremely fascinating. Sikhs started celebrating Diwali at Amritsar from the time of their Sixth Master, Guru Hargobind. When he rescued fifty-two rajas from imperial detention in the fort of Gwalior and reached Amritsar, the residents there welcomed him by illuminating the whole-city.

Diwali Celebration in Punjab
In Punjab, Diwali Festival is the time for everyone to rejoice, looking forward to a bright future. Enthusiastically enjoyed by people of every religion, its magical and radiant touch creates an atmosphere of joy and festivity. Diwali, festival of lights, symbolizes the victory of righteousness and lifting of spiritual darkness. The preparations of Diwali begin well in advance. People start decorating their homes, preparing sweets; thousand of lamps are lit to create a world of fantasy. Each house entrance is made colorful with lovely traditional motifs of "Rangoli" designs to welcome Laxmi, the goddess of wealth and prosperity.

Diwali in Jammu and Kashmir

Jammu and Kashmir is the jewel in the Indian crown. Lush valleys with unparalleled beauty made the great Mughal emperor Shahjahan proclaim in great delight, "If there's paradise anywhere on earth, it's here, it's here, and it’s here." Diwali is celebrated in the valley with as much enthusiasm as in the rest of the country. During any festive season, the whole city of Jammu brightens up and forgets its problems for a few days. There is lot of excitement in the air. Watching or taking part in the Diwali festivities here can be an interesting experience.

Diwali Celebration in Jammu and Kashmir

Much like in the rest of the country, the Kashmiris clean their houses in anticipation of Diwali and then decorate them. Even a week before the festival, one can spot an assortment of lamps and diyas lighting up the shops and homes and people moving around with an air of joyousness. Many people get their homes whitewashed as it is considered auspicious to do so just before Diwali. It is also an occasion to buy new things- and people shop till they drop to take advantage of all the festive promotions.

Diwali day starts with people waking up early in the morning and having the ritual bath. They then dress up in new clothes and families make their way to the temple. After performing the rituals, they buy a lot of sweets and dry fruits to distribute amongst friends, and relatives and the underprivileged as well. They also purchase earthen lamps, candles and electric accessories for illuminating their homes and business establishments.

For Children, it is a time to make merry like no other times except maybe for Eid. They are already in buoyant spirits because of all the new clothes and sweets, and their enjoyments is only heightened when its time to burst some crackers or just generally enjoy the firecrackers. Many of them also receive cash or other gifts from their parents and other relatives.

Diwali Celebrations by Kashmiri Pundits

The Kashmiri Pundits have been celebrating this festival for ages now. It is one of their oldest rituals, and a mention of its celebration can be found in the Nilmat Puran. It was then called Sukhsuptika which literally means to sleep with happiness. The Diwali celebrations now start from Ekadeshi and last till Amavasya. On Amvasya, the older members of the family observe a ritual fast and perform the Lakshmi Pooja. Earthen lamps are placed in temples, on the road crossings, cremation grounds, banks of rivers, streams and lakes hill houses, at the foot of trees, cow sheds, court yards and shops. People wear new clothes and listen to music.

Diwali in Delhi

Delhi is at the heart of India; the capital of this beautiful country brings together all the elements of the mysticism, cultural heritage and trade. In many ways, it sets the tone for the rest of the nation. Like all other multi-ethnic cities all over the world, Delhi boasts of a veritable melting pot of cultures. One can find people from all castes, creeds, races and religions in India and beyond. All festivals become larger than life in this humane city, however it's Diwali that rules the roost. Delhi becomes one big picnic spot as Diwali draws near, markets are decorated, security perked up and joyousness in the air.

Diwali Traditions in Delhi

One of the chief attractions in Delhi during Diwali are the various Ramlilas, a dramatic rendition of the epic Ramayan, staged all over the city. Makeshift stages are set up in community parks as various local bodies organize these entertaining shows which continue for several evenings and culminate in the defeat of the evil demon Ravana at the hands of the virtuous Lord Rama on the Dussehra day. People come out in hordes to attend these Ramlila where the figurine of the evil Ravana is usually stuffed with firecrackers and burnt at the end to indicate the victory of good over evil.

Houses in Delhi are cleaned and decorated for Diwali, and on the evening of the festival, before the celebration start in full force, the Lakshmi Puja is organized in every household. In some houses, there is a ritual of immersing a silver coin in a tumbler of milk. The milk is then sprinkled lightly in the rooms of the house. The Prashad is kept in front of the idol throughout the night. Thereafter, its time to burst crackers and take in the sights and sounds of Diwali!

Diwali Celebrations in Delhi

Diwali festivities in Delhi commence with Dussehra. From thereon, people set out on a frantic spree of shopping, spring-cleaning, whitewashing and Diwali decorating. It is also the best time of the year for shopkeepers and traders who bring out a spate of promotional offers especially for the festive season. Since it is considered auspicious to purchase new things during this period, most people wait till the Diwali season to do their annual shopping, thereby resulting in the shopkeepers laughing all the way to the bank.

On Diwali Day, most shops in Delhi remain open till mid-afternoon, propagated by the belief that good sales on this auspicious day predict a prosperous year ahead. In the corporate sector, the process of buying and distributing Diwali gifts begins several days before the big day, and slowly picks up pace. Sweets and dry fruits are the most common gifts, as are silver coins. But gifts also range from silver dishes and other household gifts to suit pieces.

Deepavali in Bihar

Bihar derives from the Sanskrit Vihara which means abode. The Buddhist Vihara, which was the abode of the Buddhist monks, dotted the area in the ancient and medieval periods. Like most ancient civilizations, life in Bihar is clustered around its many rivers. Few rivers of the world have molded the culture, economy and personality of the people evolving on their banks as has the great river Ganga.

Diwali celebrations officially start two days before on Dhanteras. It is celebrated in the honor of Dhanvantari, the physician of the Gods, who emerged with a flask of elixir during the Samudra Manthan.

Diwali Traditions in Bihar

The customs are that on Dhanteras most people buy new kitchen utensils and keep them at the place of worship. According to one theory, buying of utensils on Dhanteras is associated with the myth of Dhanvantari emerging from the ocean with a pot in his hand. People bathe in the holy river Ganges early in the morning and then observe a fast which is only broken at sunset with sweetmeats, puris and other succulent delicacies.

The day before Diwali is known as Choti Diwali or Narak Chaturdasi. Choti means 'small', and thus Choti Diwali is celebrates just like Diwali only on a smaller scale with lesser lights and lesser fireworks, with everybody trying very hard to retrain their bouts of joyousness for the next day. On the morning of Choti Diwali, the women of the house ensure that the house has been cleaned absolutely thoroughly in anticipation of Diwali; they then make beautiful colorful motifs called Rangolis at the entrance. In Hindu homes Poojas (prayers) being carried out for Lakshmi, the goddess of wealth, or Lord Rama.

Diwali Celebrations In Bihar

People sing devotional songs in the honor of the deities and perform a ceremonial Aarti on Diwali day. Kheel, Batashe and Khilone and various sweetmeats are offered to the Gods. After the Pooja has been performed, people start decorating their houses with Diyas. They are placed in all the rooms of the house, and even in the courtyard and almost up to the street. It is believed that it helps illuminate the pathway for the Goddess Lakshmi, when she tries to visit people's homes.

Thereafter people of Bihar indulge in the usual festivities of bursting crackers and exchanging sweets with their friends and relatives. The Adivasis of Bihar worship kali on this day. Eating unripe coconut and taking a beetle is considered auspicious. In chota Nagpur, the men circumnutates their village with basket full of paddy and grass. A week after the festival of lights is the festival Chhath. For one night and day, the people of Bihar literally live on the banks of the river Ganga when a ritual offering is made to the Sun God.